This study evaluated the composition two popular species of edible bamboo shoots in Korea (Phyllostachyspubescensand Sinoarundinarianigra) and the effect of their abundant dietary fiber on intestinal microorganisms in healthy youngwomen. The ranges of total moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, and dietary fiber content were 87.190.8,2.943.5, 0.150.39, 0.411.05, and 4.206.15% (wet weight basis), respectively. Moisture and crude ash content increasedafter heat treatment; however, crude protein, crude lipid, and dietary fiber content were reduced after heating. The majorminerals found in bamboo shoots were potassium, phosphorous, sulfur, magnesium, and calcium. In addition, glucose andfructose were abundant free sugars, while asparagine and tyrosine were the most abundant free amino acids. Approximately70% of the total free fatty acids found in bamboo shoots were linoleic acid and linolenic acid. The ascorbic acid content was6.60~17.56 mg/100 g (wet weight basis), and one phenolic compound, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, was 0.10.2% (wet weightbasis) and detected by HPLC analysis. The intake of bamboo shoots for seven days significantly increased viable cell countsof Lactobacillus spp. and reduced viable cell counts of Bacteriodes spp. in feces (p<0.05). In our data, bamboo shoots maybe useful in the food industry as high dietary fiber ingredients.